Aurora borealis in the late expansion phase of a substorm. The
aurora borealis of northern polar latitudes is imaged beginning at 0245
UT on 13 December 1981 during the late expansion phase of an
interval of substorm activity which began at about 0132 UT. In this
view from a geographic local time of 3.7 hours the latitudinal width of
the aurora at midnight is 28°, with narrow bright arcs extending
towards noon along the poleward boundary of the auroral oval in early
evening hours and more diffuse aurora extending towards noon in the
morning hours. A distinct gap is present in the observed auroral
distribution at local noon. This image shown in false color was
obtained in 12 minutes at ultraviolet wavelengths with The University of
Iowa's auroral imaging instrumentation carried on the NASA/GSFC
spacecraft Dynamics Explorer 1. Spacecraft altitude is 3.66 earth
radii at a geographic latitude of 57.9°. Principal contributions
to the aurora and the atmospheric dayglow are from the emission lines of
atomic oxygen at about 130.4 and 135.6 nm and from the LBH bands of
molecular nitrogen.